TWO CROSSES AT DANGER PASSDos cruces en Danger Pass – Spanish title. Dos veces venganza – Spanish title. Due croci a Danger Pass – Italian title. Duas Cruzes para o Diabo – Brazilian title. Passagem para o Inferno – Brazilian title. Um Passo da Morte – Brazilian title. Danger Pass – Dutch title. Deuz croix un implacable – French title. Oi apostates tou Theou – Greek title. Intikam gecidi – Turkish title. Two Crosses in Danger Pass – English title. Two Crosses at Danger Pass – English title. A 1. 96. 7 Spanish, Italian co- production . Moran, who purports to support justice, ends up killing both the. Alex and Judy Mitchell. While Judy is taken to Moran’s home to grow as a.
Alex abandoned is picked up and adopted by a family of. Quakers. Despite his upbringing, which instilled a sense of forgiveness, the. Cast out by his adopted family. Mark, who tries to dissuade. And then begins the inexorable series of adventures brought on by Alex’s. Moran, but also with the death of. Judy. Alex is saved when Charlie dies in the final furious battle, the son of. Exei shmasia me poion milate? Analogos na parete ka ta metra sas e? The Patriarch and the Sultan: The Struggle for Authority and the Quest for Order in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. Harvard Iranian Series. Richard N. Frye. Harvard University. Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations. National Association for Armenian Studies and Research. Published by. i . Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA 0. Distributed by. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. London, England. ISBN 0- 6. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 8. This publication has been aided by subventions from James Russell and. The Persian Heritage Foundation. Auburn Street, P. O. . A. Tel: (6. 17)9. This notion has influenced the planning for Arminianism and Adventism. Oi apostates tou Theou – Greek title. Two Crosses at Danger Pass – English title A 1967 Spanish, Italian co-production. Again, 'all the recent editors' cancel the words, enopion tou thronou tou Theou. Full text of 'James Russell Zoroastrianism In Armenia' See other formats. Manufactured by Publishers Choice Book MTg. Little. has been written on the pre- Christian culture and religion. Armenia, and for the most part years ago; so a new. Since the subject is of interest not only to those. Iran but especially to students of. Armenian matters, the aid of the National Association for. Armenian Studies and Research in the publication of this. The Armenian Ethnogenesis 2. Armenia from the Median Conquest to the Rise of. Artaxiads 3. 9. 3. Artaxiad Armenia T3. Armenia under the Parthians and Sasanians .. Anahit and Nane 2. Spandaramet- sandaramet 3. Hawrot and Mavrot 3. Evil Spirits and Creatures ^3. The Fire- cult ^ 8l. Children of the Sun 5. Abbreviations of Terms and of Works Frequently Cited . Transliterations 5^7. Select Bibliography 5^9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This work is the revision of a thesis submitted for the degree of. Ph. D. The Commit- . Cultural Relations with Armenians Abroad (SP YUHK ) of the. Government of the Armenian S. S. R. Maritza Tsaggos. My. friend Miss Roberta Ervine typed a large portion of the draft manu- . Many revisions suggested by her and by. Professor Sir Harold Bailey are incorporated into the present volume. Russell, has through a most generous subvention made this. In the years since the defense of the thesis I. Parsi community in India, thanks mainly to the hospitality. Khojeste Mistree, Director of the Zoroastrian Studies. Trust, Bombay, and this added knowledge has contributed to the revision. The present manuscript was typed by Virginia Brown. I thank her and Muriel Bennett for their meticulous labor. Such an audacious undertaking must have its. Suffice. it to say here that I have hoped to enrich, not to diminish, the cul- . Armenians by describing their ancient faith in a. Cannot a residue of such a. Islam to which so many of their neighbours suc- . I hope the living Zoroastrian. Iran and India will find interest and some encouragement. Zoroastrianism still shines brightly: in his diary entry for. February, 1. 89. 1, the Khshnoomist Zoroastrian mystic Behramshah. Shroff claimed there was a cave full of Zoroastrian scriptures in Ar- . Parsis lived' (cited by J. Hinnells in his. recent study, 'Social Change and Religious Transformation among Bombay. Parsis in the Early Twentieth Century,' p, 6. We have not yet. found the books, but the people were there. I dedicate this book to Professor Mary Boyce, to my parents, to my. Bertha Russell. zikhronah le- berakhah. For most. of this period the dominant religion of the Iranians was Zoroastrianism. Armenians from the time of the Achaemenians. The religion waned in. Armenia after the conversion of the Arm. Arsacid court to Christianity. Christian texts of the fifth century and. Classical writers such as Xenophon, Strabo, and Tacitus stress. Armenia's ties to Iran, however, including common religious beliefs and. There is some evidence also in pre- Islamic Iranian texts. Zoroastrians be- . God, Ahura Mazda (Aramazd), the Creator of all that. His own creation. Destructive Spirit, Angra Mainyu (Haramani), whose. Through an active, ethical life of piety, charity, truth. Divine righteousness, man. Fraso. kereti. (Hrasakert), when evil will be defeated and obliterated. The Zoroastrian cult drew from the. Armenian heritage of Indo- European, Asianic, and Semitic religion; Arm. The Armenians generally, though not universally, opposed. Ardesir I and his successors and. Yazdagird II, to re- impose. Zoroastrianism on the newly- Christianised nation. But remnants of the. Good Religion survived down to recent times. Mec Hayk ) stretched from 3. E. The Plateau forms part of a mountain. Anatolian plateau to the west and the Iranian pla- . Armenia. The country's soils. In. sub- Alpine regions, the soil on the north side of a mountain may he. Wind and water erosion and centuries of. But Armenian orchards still provide the apricot, praised in. Rome as the prunus Armeniacus , and the Armenian words for plum, apple. Assyrian, attesting to. Armenian agricultural produce in ancient. Xenophon, who passed the winter in an Armenian village during. Anabasis the varied. Armenian fare, much of it dried or pickled for the winter. Armenian beer. Armenia has a conti- . Spring and autumn are the gentlest seasons of. Armenia. The. Euphrates, Tigris, Kura, Araxes, Chorokh and many lesser rivers rise in. Armenia, and three great lakes form a triangle to the left of centre of. Van, Sevan and Urmia, in the southwest, northeast and south- . Most of the centres of early Armenian civiliza- . Araxes in the east and the Euphrates and its tributary the Aracani (Tk. Where these valleys were particularly fertile or. The dis- . tribution of temples of the pre- Christian divinities follows the same. Van and on the plains of. Alaskert and Ararat, and along the courses of the Western and Eastern. Euphrates, especially around Er. Mus. Even when cities de- . Sir William Ramsay's. On the north are the mountains of the. Caucasus; on the south are the mountains of Gordyene; on the. Pontic and Antitaurus ranges; the Ararat- . Masik ), 5l. 65m. Most of the country is soft volcanic rock, mainly lava. Armenia are deeply cut and the topog- . The archaism and. Armenian language and custom are. Zoroastrianism, for forms and practices over- . Armenian. heritage. Armenia was at different times a neighbour or province of. Alexander. then the Romans, then the Byzantines; in the south, mighty Assyria once. Median, Achaemenian, Parthian, and. Sasanian kingdoms of Iran. It was the Iranians whose ties to the. Armenians were closest and whose culture influenced the Armenian nation. Zoroastrianism was the chief re- . Iran: from the Median conquest of Assyria in 6. B. C. Throughout that entire span of. Armenians as a nation in the annals of civilisation, Armenia was ruled. Iran or by kings and satraps of Iranian descent. The character of the country tended to. Armenian by the. Mir. Thus one might explain. Names such as Erevan (Urartean Erebuni), Van- Tosp (Urartean. Biaina- Tuspa) , Aljnik (Urartean Alzini) et al. Although the Zoroastrian vision of the world 'made wonderful' at. Armenians nonetheless named mountains after. Zoroastrian divinities, and there is evidence to suggest that some. For although mountains impede com- . Herodotus 1 description of the. Persians, who, he reports, worshipped in high places. Ararat, seeming to float in Heaven, must have inspired religious awe in. Armenians as it continues to do to this day. A legend credits Hannibal, in flight after the defeat of Carth- . Armenian capital of Roman times. Artaxata; the story is probably fiction, but it fairly reflects the. Romans' irritation at a country which provided a save haven for their. Tacitus wrote of. Armenians, 'An inconstant nation this from old; from the genius of. Media, and lying between the two empires, was often at variance with. Romans from hatred, with the Parthians from Jealousy. Garsoian has noted, however, Armenian disputes with Iran in. A. D. On the. north, there is considerable evidence of Iranian religion in Georgia. To the east and southeast. Media- At ropatene: Media was regarded as the homeland of Zoroaster. Strabo declared that the religious practices of Armenians. Medes were identical. The very considerable enmity that erupted. Christian Armenian naxarars and Zoroastrian. Iran in A. D. 1*5. Armenia's ties. to the outside world, leading many to view the people of the highland. The uni- . formly anti- Zoroastrian tone of the fifth- century Armenian texts, and. Christians of Mazdean remains, have per- . Zoroastrian Armenian heritage, which has been, in the words of a recent. Armenia's relation- . Iran does not support such a view, rather, the Armenians seem. Iran, whose social customs. Certain of these varied aspects of. Iran itself. Armenian religion would then be. Armenia was permeated by Iranian traditions which it. Authors of some studies have sought to isolate. Armenian phenomena, inspired perhaps by the legitimate. Armenian culture is neither an amalgam without. Iran. There is the. Iranian phenomena in Arm. Thus, next- of- kin marriage might well have come to. Iran from Anatolia originally. The basis of Armenian cul- . Iranian elements which has been retained. Armenia was neither the miraculous child of cultural. Persians. As in past ages, the Armenians merely. Persian rose and nightingale. Virgin Mary and Gabriel in the songs of Armenian min- . Armenian Christianity itself preserves much Zoroastrian vocabu- . Zoroastrian community of the Children. Sun to flourish down to modern times. Lynch, that 'there is nothing. Armenia into an almost ideal nursery of his race . The modern Armenian republic, the smallest and southernmost of. Soviet Union, occupies approximately. Armenia. The other nine- tenths. Armenian religious sites are located . Access to stand- . Christian period in the above- mentioned towns is. M. Thierry's. recent studies of the Armenian monasteries of Vaspurakan provide some. The monuments of. Nemrut Dag in Commagene , studied by Goell and Dorner, erected by an. Orontid monarch kin to the rulers of Armenia, provide some indication. Temple buildings, rather than sacred enclo- . Zoroastrianism from the late. Achaemenian period. The complex at Zela described by Strabo was of the. Nemrut Dag from the first cen- . B. C.; it therefore seems possible that Zoroastrian foundations in. Armenia, too, might have been both temples and roof- less enclosures. The votive steles and xac K. Christianity perhaps preserve the ancient custom of outdoor. Antiochus of. Commagene or sacred bas- reliefs. It was common until this century for. Armenian villagers to wash and then go outside the house to recite.
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